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미국 시민권 N-400 인터뷰 100문항 — 한글 번역·civics test 정답·USCIS 출제 6문제 합격선·한인 가이드

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https://gousa.kr/board/visa/2396

USCIS Civics Test = 100문항 중 무작위 10문제, 6문제 정답 시 합격

미국 시민권 신청자(N-400)는 인터뷰 당일 영어능력(읽기·쓰기·말하기) + 시민권 시험(civics test)을 통과해야 합니다. 2008년 버전 100문항이 현재(2026)도 표준이며, USCIS 면접관이 100문항 중 무작위 10문제를 구술로 출제, 6문제 정답 시 합격합니다. 본 글은 100문항을 한글 번역과 함께 카테고리별로 정리, 한인 신청자가 자주 틀리는 문항을 강조합니다.

시험 형식 (2026 기준)

  • 출제 — USCIS Officer 구술 (객관식 X, 주관식 응답)
  • 문항 수 — 무작위 10문제 (100문항 중)
  • 합격선 — 6문제 정답 (60%)
  • 응답 언어 — 영어 (50/20, 55/15, 65/20 예외 — 한국어 가능)
  • 재시험 — 1차 불합격 시 60~90일 내 재시험 1회 (불합격 시 N-400 거부)

섹션 A: 미국의 원리 (American Government — Principles of American Democracy, 1~12번)

  1. What is the supreme law of the land? — 미국 최고의 법은? Constitution (헌법)
  2. What does the Constitution do? — 헌법의 역할? sets up the government / protects basic rights
  3. The idea of self-government is in the first three words of the Constitution. What are these words? — 자치 정부 이념을 담은 헌법의 첫 세 단어? We the People
  4. What is an amendment? — 수정조항이란? a change to the Constitution
  5. What do we call the first ten amendments? — 첫 10개 수정조항 통칭? the Bill of Rights
  6. What is one right or freedom in the First Amendment? — 1차 수정조항의 권리/자유 1개? speech, religion, assembly, press, petition
  7. How many amendments does the Constitution have? — 수정조항 총 개수? 27
  8. What did the Declaration of Independence do? — 독립선언서의 역할? announced independence from Great Britain
  9. What are two rights in the Declaration of Independence? — 독립선언서의 권리 2개? life, liberty, pursuit of happiness
  10. What is freedom of religion? — 종교의 자유란? practice any religion or no religion
  11. What is the economic system in the United States? — 미국 경제 체제? capitalist / market economy
  12. What is the rule of law? — 법치주의란? Everyone must follow the law

섹션 B: 정부 시스템 (System of Government, 13~47번)

  1. Name one branch of the government. — 정부 부처 1개? Congress / President / Courts
  2. What stops one branch from becoming too powerful? — 권력 분립? checks and balances / separation of powers
  3. Who is in charge of the executive branch? — 행정부 수반? the President
  4. Who makes federal laws? — 연방법 제정? Congress / Senate and House of Representatives
  5. What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress? — 의회 양원? Senate and House of Representatives
  6. How many U.S. Senators are there? — 상원의원 수? 100
  7. We elect a U.S. Senator for how many years? — 상원의원 임기? 6
  8. Who is one of your state's U.S. Senators now? — 본인 거주 주 상원의원? 거주지 확인 후 응답
  9. The House of Representatives has how many voting members? — 하원 의원 수? 435
  10. We elect a U.S. Representative for how many years? — 하원의원 임기? 2
  11. Name your U.S. Representative. — 본인 지역구 하원의원? 지역구 확인
  12. Who does a U.S. Senator represent? — 상원의원은 누구를 대표? all people of the state
  13. Why do some states have more Representatives than other states? — 하원 의석 배분? state's population
  14. We elect a President for how many years? — 대통령 임기? 4
  15. In what month do we vote for President? — 대통령 선거 월? November
  16. What is the name of the President of the United States now? — 현 대통령? 2026 기준 — 최신 확인
  17. What is the name of the Vice President now? — 현 부통령? 최신 확인
  18. If the President can no longer serve, who becomes President? — 대통령 직무 불능 시? the Vice President
  19. If both the President and the Vice President can no longer serve, who becomes President? — 둘 다 불능? the Speaker of the House
  20. Who is the Commander in Chief of the military? — 군 통수권자? the President
  21. Who signs bills to become laws? — 법안 서명자? the President
  22. Who vetoes bills? — 법안 거부권자? the President
  23. What does the President's Cabinet do? — 내각의 역할? advises the President
  24. What are two Cabinet-level positions? — 내각 직위 2개? Secretary of State, Defense, Treasury, etc.
  25. What does the judicial branch do? — 사법부 역할? reviews laws / explains laws / resolves disputes
  26. What is the highest court in the United States? — 최고법원? the Supreme Court
  27. How many justices are on the Supreme Court? — 대법관 수? 9
  28. Who is the Chief Justice of the United States now? — 현 대법원장? John Roberts (2026)
  29. Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the federal government. What is one power of the federal government? — 연방 권한 1개? print money, declare war, create army, make treaties
  30. Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the states. What is one power of the states? — 주 권한 1개? provide schooling, police, driver's licenses, zoning
  31. Who is the Governor of your state now? — 본인 주지사? 거주지 확인
  32. What is the capital of your state? — 본인 주 수도? 거주지 확인
  33. What are the two major political parties in the United States? — 양대 정당? Democratic and Republican
  34. What is the political party of the President now? — 현 대통령 소속 정당? 최신 확인
  35. What is the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives now? — 하원의장? 최신 확인

섹션 C: 시민의 권리·책임 (Rights and Responsibilities, 48~57번)

  1. There are four amendments to the Constitution about who can vote. Describe one of them. — 투표권 수정조항 1개? 18세 이상, 인종/성별 무관, 인두세 없음
  2. What is one responsibility that is only for United States citizens? — 시민만의 책임? vote in a federal election / serve on a jury
  3. Name one right only for United States citizens. — 시민만의 권리? vote in a federal election / run for federal office
  4. What are two rights of everyone living in the United States? — 거주자 모두의 권리 2개? freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press, petition, bear arms
  5. What do we show loyalty to when we say the Pledge of Allegiance? — 충성 서약 대상? the United States / the flag
  6. What is one promise you make when you become a U.S. citizen? — 시민이 될 때 약속? give up loyalty to other countries / defend Constitution / serve nation / be loyal to U.S.
  7. How old do citizens have to be to vote for President? — 대통령 선거 투표 가능 나이? 18 and older
  8. What are two ways that Americans can participate in their democracy? — 민주주의 참여 방법 2개? vote, join party, run for office, write to newspaper
  9. When is the last day you can send in federal income tax forms? — 연방 세금 신고 마감일? April 15
  10. When must all men register for the Selective Service? — 남성 병역 등록 시기? between 18 and 26

섹션 D: 미국 역사 — 식민지·독립 (Colonial Period and Independence, 58~70번)

  1. What is one reason colonists came to America? — 식민지 이주 이유? freedom, religious freedom, economic opportunity
  2. Who lived in America before the Europeans arrived? — 유럽인 이전 미국 거주자? American Indians / Native Americans
  3. What group of people was taken to America and sold as slaves? — 노예로 끌려온 집단? Africans
  4. Why did the colonists fight the British? — 독립전쟁 이유? high taxes, no representation, soldiers stayed in homes
  5. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? — 독립선언서 저자? Thomas Jefferson
  6. When was the Declaration of Independence adopted? — 독립선언서 채택일? July 4, 1776
  7. There were 13 original states. Name three. — 13개 식민지 중 3개? Virginia, Massachusetts, New York 등
  8. What happened at the Constitutional Convention? — 헌법회의 결과? The Constitution was written
  9. When was the Constitution written? — 헌법 작성 연도? 1787
  10. The Federalist Papers supported the passage of the U.S. Constitution. Name one of the writers. — 연방주의자 논집 저자? James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay
  11. What is one thing Benjamin Franklin is famous for? — 프랭클린 업적? U.S. diplomat, first Postmaster General, writer of Poor Richard's Almanac
  12. Who is the "Father of Our Country"? — 건국의 아버지? George Washington
  13. Who was the first President? — 초대 대통령? George Washington

섹션 E: 1800년대 (1800s, 71~77번)

  1. What territory did the United States buy from France in 1803? — 1803년 프랑스로부터 매입? Louisiana
  2. Name one war fought by the United States in the 1800s. — 1800년대 미국 참전 전쟁? War of 1812, Mexican-American War, Civil War, Spanish-American War
  3. Name the U.S. war between the North and the South. — 남북 내전? the Civil War
  4. Name one problem that led to the Civil War. — 남북전쟁 원인? slavery, economic reasons, states' rights
  5. What was one important thing that Abraham Lincoln did? — 링컨 업적? freed slaves (Emancipation Proclamation), saved the Union, led during Civil War
  6. What did the Emancipation Proclamation do? — 노예해방선언? freed slaves in Confederate states
  7. What did Susan B. Anthony do? — 수잔 B. 앤서니? fought for women's rights, civil rights

섹션 F: 최근 미국사·기타 (Recent American History, 78~87번)

  1. Name one war fought by the United States in the 1900s. — 1900년대 전쟁? WWI, WWII, Korean War, Vietnam War, Gulf War
  2. Who was President during World War I? — WWI 대통령? Woodrow Wilson
  3. Who was President during the Great Depression and World War II? — 대공황·WWII 대통령? Franklin Roosevelt
  4. Who did the United States fight in World War II? — WWII 상대? Japan, Germany, Italy
  5. Before he was President, Eisenhower was a general. What war was he in? — 아이젠하워 참전? World War II
  6. During the Cold War, what was the main concern of the United States? — 냉전 주된 관심사? Communism
  7. What movement tried to end racial discrimination? — 인종차별 종식 운동? civil rights movement
  8. What did Martin Luther King, Jr. do? — MLK 업적? fought for civil rights / equality for all Americans
  9. What major event happened on September 11, 2001, in the United States? — 9/11? Terrorists attacked the United States
  10. Name one American Indian tribe in the United States. — 원주민 부족? Cherokee, Navajo, Sioux, Apache, Iroquois 등

섹션 G: 지리·상징·국경일 (Geography, Symbols, Holidays, 88~100번)

  1. Name one of the two longest rivers in the United States. — 가장 긴 강? Missouri, Mississippi
  2. What ocean is on the West Coast? — 서해안 대양? Pacific Ocean
  3. What ocean is on the East Coast? — 동해안 대양? Atlantic Ocean
  4. Name one U.S. territory. — 미국 영토 1개? Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands, Guam
  5. Name one state that borders Canada. — 캐나다 접경 주? Maine, NH, Vermont, NY, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana 등
  6. Name one state that borders Mexico. — 멕시코 접경 주? California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas
  7. What is the capital of the United States? — 미국 수도? Washington, D.C.
  8. Where is the Statue of Liberty? — 자유의 여신상 위치? New York (Harbor)
  9. Why does the flag have 13 stripes? — 국기 13줄 의미? 13 original colonies
  10. Why does the flag have 50 stars? — 국기 50개 별 의미? 50 states
  11. What is the name of the national anthem? — 국가 명칭? The Star-Spangled Banner
  12. When do we celebrate Independence Day? — 독립기념일? July 4
  13. Name two national U.S. holidays. — 국경일 2개? New Year's Day, MLK Day, Presidents' Day, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Columbus Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving, Christmas

한인 신청자 자주 틀리는 5문항

  • 20번 (본인 주 상원의원) — 거주지 변경 시 새로 학습 필수 (CA = Padilla/Schiff 등)
  • 23번 (지역구 하원의원) — house.gov에서 zip code로 조회
  • 43번 (본인 주지사) — 임기 4년, 갱신 확인
  • 47번 (하원의장) — 의장 변경 시 최신 확인
  • 91번 (미국 영토) — Puerto Rico, Guam이 가장 무난

학습 자료 (한인 추천)

  • USCIS 공식 100문항 PDF — uscis.gov/citizenship 무료
  • USCIS Civics Practice Test — 온라인 시뮬레이션
  • 한인커뮤니티 스터디 그룹 — KAFLA, KCS, 교회 시민권반
  • YouTube 한국어 강의 — "N-400 시민권 시험 100문항" 검색
  • 플래시카드 앱 — USCITIZEN App (iOS/Android)

출처

면책: 본 글은 일반 정보이며 USCIS 시험 정책은 변경 가능합니다 (2026 기준 2008 버전 유지). 시험 직전 uscis.gov 최신 100문항 확인 권장.

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